The Great Gatsby “Fitzgerald Tying Is Life to the Book”

Fitzgerald writes The Great Gatsby as a mirror of his own life describing his life through such characters as Nick Carraway, the narrator and the Jay Gatsby the, protagonist which are representations of Fitzgerald’s life. Fitzgerald uses his own events to play key parts in this novel. Throughout The Great Gatsby characters and events are a written reflection of Fitzgerald life making The Great Gatsby an autobiography. Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald was born on September 24, 1896 in St. Paul Minnesota (A Brief Life of Fitzgerald).Francis’ parents enrolled him at the Newman School in 1911 when he was 15 years old, Newman School was a prestigious Catholic prep school located in New Jersey (F. Scott Fitzgerald Bio). After graduating from Newman in 1913 Fitzgerald went to Princeton University. At Princeton he devoted himself to working hard on becoming a writer. With all of his focus on writing, he began to struggle in other classes. Around 1917 Fitzgerald was on academic prob ation and it was very unlikely for him that he would graduate so he thought it was best for him to join the Army.Fitzgerald became a second lieutenant in the infantry (A Brief Life of Fitzgerald). Fitzgerald was so convinced that he would die in the war and scared that he had not accomplished his literary dreams in time, that he quickly wrote a novel called The Romantic Egotist. The novel was very well liked by the publishing company known as Charles Scribner’s Sons, but they asked him to revise it before sending it back to them(A Brief Life of Fitzgerald). Around June 1918 Fitzgerald was stationed at Camp Sheridan, near Montgomery Alabama (A Brief Life of Fitzgerald).While he was stationed in Camp Sheridan, he met a girl named Zelda Sayre (F. Scott Fitzgerald Bio). Zelda was 18 years old and Fitzgerald eventually fell in love with her. And he would continue to pursue after her. Fitzgerald was never actually deployed into the war, because World War I ended in 1919. After bein g discharged from the army, Fitzgerald decided to move to New York City where he hoped to start a career in advertising hoping that Zelda would marry him for having a job (F. Scott Fitzgerald Bio). Although Fitzgerald wanted Zelda, he quit his job and decided to return to St.Paul to rewrite his novel. Fitzgerald really hit a breakthrough when his novel, This Side of Paradise was published in 1920 (F. Scott Fitzgerald Bio). After finally having success from his novel, Zelda finally agreed to marry Fitzgerald only after a week of the book being published. Zelda and Fitzgerald married in New York. The couple had one child, a daughter named Francis Scott Fitzgerald, who was born in 1921 (F. Scott Fitzgerald Bio). Fitzgerald quickly became famous and wealthy from his writings as he began to write more novels and short stories as the year passed.Fitzgerald became a so called, â€Å"playboy† (F. Scott Fitzgerald Bio). Fitzgerald wrote The Great Gatsby and it was published in 1924. T he novel was closely based off most of Fitzgerald’s own life. Using his own experiences Fitzgerald was able to write his greatest novel ever. Fitzgerald shows himself throughout the book through mostly two characters; Nick Carraway and Jay Gatsby. Both characters had some aspect to Fitzgerald’s life. For instance Jay Gatsby and Fitzgerald both had a lover whom they wanted to marry so badly. Nick is the vision of what Gatsby saw of the â€Å"roaring twenties†.Jay Gatsby represented Fitzgerald’s personality as a lavish partier when Fitzgerald first became wealthy. Gatsby threw great parties that everyone wanted to go to. Fitzgerald became rich just like everyone wants to be. It was not just the partying that is seen as Fitzgerald, but Fitzgerald seems to describe his own young life through Gatsby as if he was writing an autobiography. Fitzgerald went to Princeton only for a while just as Gatsby went to St. Olaf’s College only to leave the school just as Fitzgerald left Princeton.Gatsby was blinded by Daisy’s beauty just as Fitzgerald was to Zelda. Both were determined to have their women. It seemed though Fitzgerald could not accept rejection or a loss, an example in Fitzgerald’s life was that Zelda broke their engagement, because Fitzgerald was not making enough money (A Brief Life of Fitzgerald). Fitzgerald drove himself to win Zelda. Fitzgerald put his emotions into Gatsby by trying to say he would do whatever it would take to have Zelda. Gatsby got all his money from illegal activities, because he was willing to do whatever it took to have Daisy.Like Gatsby, Fitzgerald was blinded by the beauty of one women that having Zelda, as Gatsby having Daisy, was all he wanted. Gatsby represented the partying celebrity. Nick Carraway represents the other side of Fitzgeral,d as he represents the quietness the better minded version of Fitzgerald. Fitzgerald and Nick Carraway were able to see that all this materialism and partying in the â€Å"Roaring Twenties† were morally decaying, yet they were both fascinated by the lifestyle. Nick represented Fitzgerald’s true feelings of the era where life was fun and flashy, but morally wrong to him.Nick Carraway at the end of the novel decided to move back to the Midwest to escape the craziness and hyped life happening on the east coast even though he was curious about it. (Fitzgerald 176). Fitzgerald puts his true feelings into Nick. Even though the fast rich life seemed fun and exciting it was morally decaying and he misses living normally. Fitzgerald showed many signs of an autobiography, in The Great Gatsby. Fitzgerald showed himself as idealized version of himself in Gatsby, doing whatever he could to have Daisy and never once thinking his plans would not work.Nick Carraway was Fitzgerald’s old self stuck in a place full of drama and morally decaying events that everyone in the party life thought as ok, because they thought they were better than everyone else. Fitzgerald’s novel The Great Gatsby, shows readers that his life was put into two characters; Jay Gatsby and Nick Carraway, to show the views of that era. . Works Cited â€Å"A Brief Life of Fitzgerald†. University of South Carolina. Web. 24 April 2012. â€Å"F. Scott Fitzgerald biography†. A+E Televison Network. Web. 24 April 2012 Fitzgerald, Francis S. The Great Gatsby. New York, NY: Scribner, 2004. Print.

The Battle Over Best Argumentative Essay Topics .0 and How to Win It

The Battle Over Best Argumentative Essay Topics .0 and How to Win It Best Argumentative Essay Topics.0 for Dummies Because you have to establish your position on the subject at the end, you might not have adequate information or evidence to strengthen your stand if you don't choose or generate your argumentative essay topic wisely. The student has to inquire into the topic thoroughly so he or she is able to collect evidence. Though the topic can enable you to debate from a side that you don't believe in, it should allow you to depict confidence in your arguments. Basically, your topic should raise divided opinions so that it is easy to argue 1 viewpoint. Becoming in a position to compose a strong argument can help you succeed in society. The second thing admission ought to take care of essay you choose the title is to maintain in mind five forms of argument claims. When you're interested in the topic that you pick or generate, even the audience will discover that it is interesting since you will present your arguments in a passionate method. Topic for men to start. Things You Should Know About Best Argumentative Essay Topics.0 Choosing our service, you will understand that studying can be simple if you gain from the help of capable experts. Over time, the business has been producing a wide selection of merchandise on the grounds of the dynamic needs of consumers. Since you are able to see, students are certain to face a number of challenges should they need to turn into a member of the buy essay club. As a consequence, such students start looking for the best essay help to be certain that their project is going to be produced a t the maximal level in agreement with all academic standards. Best Argumentative Essay Topics.0 - What Is It? With a wide selection of sports events, there are a good deal of relevant topics to discuss. Each topic is likely to have lots of matters that will want to go split into classes. A wide topic will require that you compose a good deal. In general, there are several similar topics which are extremely interesting to make people. Facts, Fiction and Best Argumentative Essay Topics.0 Strong curiosity concerning the topic is critical. If you cannot find credible sources for the subject, you may have to change it or re-adjust its focus. Choosing argumentative essay topics has lots of tact. At times you might require some expert help with argumentative essay topics. Instead, you can prevent the topic. If you still hesitate and don't understand what topic to select, make a list. Deciding students your topic isn't that easy. It should be divisive. The Tried and True Method for Best Argumentative Essay Topics.0 in Step by Step Detail Argument Essay WriterPlease select the most suitable sort of paper needed. Hamlet, examples to select. In your paper, you need to do the subsequent. PaperCoach can assist you with all your papers, so take a look at the moment! You receive a preview of someone's own essay and get to create corrections if needed. An incredible academic essay starts with an idea together with an outline. Since you might already be aware, composing an academic paper is a difficult job. In addition, studying such debates will supply you with open sources that you are able to use as the references of your essay. Some students might find it tough to compose an essay since they have not done it before or since they aren't aware with a specific structure. The writers ought to be professionally qualified to be in a position to not just compose a fantastic definition essay paper but in addition structure and format it appropriately. Writing an essay is an intriguing job for students that have a passion for writing. Be a very simple task by means of your essay which airs. Browsing our essay writing samples can provide you a very best argumentative essay topics idea whether the standard of our essays is the quality you are searching for. Necessary in monroe isn't demonstrate an original topic or speech topics. It's not essential that you own awareness on all topics. To begin with, you must participate in critical reading and critical writing. Make sure that you recognize the assignment. Writing is a really grueling undertaking for most students. Thus, for your convenience, you have a superb chance to monitor the advancement of the assigned writer and make sure an essay will be ready in a timely method. There's, obviously, a limit on the variety of pages even our finest writers can produce with a pressing deadline, but generally, we can satisfy all the clients seeking urgent assistance. You may continue to keep your argumentative essays for your upcoming job samples in case they're highly graded. There are various sources that address topics which other scholars have argued about before. You'll discover a variety of kinds of essays, therefore it's rather easy to shed your eye on your entire writing assignments.

Technology Is The Hard Bringer Of Destruction - 1226 Words

When I think of technology, I often categorize technology into beneficial, harmful or as both Technology sometimes carries the negative stigma that technology is the hard bringer of destruction, an ideal perpetuated by dystopian sci-fi movies (look at Terminator and the development of Weapon of Mass Destruction). Perhaps, that will one day become a reality, when AI (Aritificial Intelligence) becomes way too sophisticated to be controlled by our feeble human mind. However, today I am not talking about technology in the science fiction realm; I want to discuss how technology improves and at the same time has the potential to harm someone’s livelihood. This way of analysis will evaluate how individual use technology every day. Technology†¦show more content†¦Transportation What do I see every day on the road? Cars, of course. Not long ago America did not have the sophisticated interstate and transportation infrastructure I see today. These things only started to become a reality during the Great Depression era, when the government was struggling to rejuvenate the economy. What better way to make the American economy healthy again? Well, the solution proposed by the government was to put people to work on massive projects that can employ a lot of people and at the same time serves a purpose. Without an admirable transportation infrastructure, I do not think that we will see the modernization of automobiles. Because what is the purpose of better vehicle, when there is no enough of paved roads for them? So, with all these things available to us, I utilize this technology every day. I use my car (Nissan Altima 2016) to travel to work, subway and school. Automobiles and different vehicles are currently promptly accessible and are technologically advanced enough for safe use and to act as a solid apparatus for getting individuals and products starting with one place then onto the next in a moderately short space of time. Without a great transportation sy stem or a reliable tool of transportation, things won’t arrive from one place to another on time. As such, when I look back in time whenShow MoreRelatedClimate Change and Poverty1734 Words   |  7 Pagespoor sanitation, pollution, malnutrition, and a constant shortage of clean drinking water (Dhiman). Climate change is already taking a toll on the economical standings of poverty stricken countries; proceeding with the vicious cycle of social destruction, climate change seems to have no weakness. For instance, the summer of 2010 was the hottest summer on record in India, with temperatures reaching a record average of 122 degrees Fahrenheit. The effects were limitless: crops perish, livestock wereRead MoreRay Bradbury s Fahrenheit 4512323 Words   |  10 Pagesaccepted, or even worse, a detached society where emotions no longer exist. By reading the first few pages of Fahrenheit 451, readers immediately get the feeling of a dystopian society. Firemen creating fires, inste ad of extinguishing them, and technology that has taken their society to a whole new level of entertainment. These are exaggerated ideas right off the bat, yet Ray Bradbury carries the readers through the story in order to show them his own outlook on the future- in fact, all dystopianRead MoreEssay Prosecution Mongol Trial Pd 33591 Words   |  15 Pages  Conquest  after  conquest,  it  was  only  a  matter  of  time   before  they  had  conquered  essentially  all  of  Asia.  However,  the  overall  treatment  of  their   people,  conquered  and  native,  displays  their  barbaric  nature.  We  have  nine  witnesses  of  the   Mongols’  brutal  destruction  and  savagery  that  we  will  call  up  to  the  stand  today.  None  of  our   witnesses  deserved  the  merciless  treatment  they  received  under  the  Mongols.  The  treatment   that  these  people  received  could  only  have  been  described  as  barbaric,  which  we  have   collectively  defined  as  Ã¢â‚¬Å"​Read MoreImpact of Science on Society38421 Words   |  154 Pagesand Space Administration. IV.College of William and Mary. V. Title. VI. Series. Q175.55.B88 1985 303.4’83 84-1 4 1 59 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 Foreword Science and technology have had a major impact on society, and their impact is growing. By drastically changing our means of communication, the way we work, our housing, clothes, and food, our methods of transportation, and, indeed, even the length and quality of lifeRead MoreImpact of Science on Society38427 Words   |  154 PagesAeronautics and Space Administration. IV.College of William and Mary. V. Title. VI. Series. Q175.55.B88 1985 303.4’83 84-1 4 1 59 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 Foreword Science and technology have had a major impact on society, and their impact is growing. By drastically changing our means of communication, the way we work, our housing, clothes, and food, our methods of transportation, and, indeed, even the length and quality of life

William Faulkner s A Rose For Emily - 951 Words

literary Response to â€Å"A Rose for Emily† â€Å"A Rose for Emily† by William Faulkner was published in 1930. This short story is set in an old southern town. I believe that this and several other combinations of events are what made the main character Miss Emily go insane. Miss Emily was an old school southern woman trapped in a modernizing society. She tried desperately to keep to her old ways, but the changes that happened around her were inevitable. This made me feel like something was going to go wrong very early in the story. It became very apparent to me that Emily did not deal well with change. Throughout the story, I felt sorry for her, because I do not deal well with change either. I find it hard and stressful to deal with. Thus I can see how her changing environment directly impacted Miss Emily’s life. When Emily met the love of her life she slowly became obsessed with him. This was until one day he betrayed her by spreading rumors about her that wer en t true. As the town grew more and more people heard these rumors and began to think less of Miss Emily. This along with her sheltered and isolated childhood could have been what drove Miss Emily to become a murder later on in her life. There are many events that occurred throughout the story that triggered my overall reaction. I noticed that the words â€Å"iron gray hair†(124) were repeated several times throughout the story. This not only gave an idea of Emily’s age, but added a sense of mystery to the scene. OneShow MoreRelatedWilliam Faulkner s A Rose For Emily1316 Words   |  6 Pagesminuscule detail in the writing. In order to fully enjoy William Faulkner’s â€Å"A Rose for Emily† readers must do the latter. Faulkner is a witty writer; some symbols are less obvious than others in his writing. To fully appreciate and obtain full meaning of the text readers must pay attention to his symbols and how they contribute to the greater theme. William Fa ulkner uses symbolization in â€Å"A Rose for Emily† to develop a theme of personal struggle. Emily faces many personal struggles: her relationship withRead MoreWilliam Faulkner s A Rose For Emily1181 Words   |  5 Pages Is William Faulkner s A Rose for Emily iconic American literature? Faulkner uses setting, theme and plot to show the ways â€Å"A Rose for Emily† is an iconic American literature. Faulkner saw the Forum magazine with his short story he wrote, â€Å"A Rose for Emily† and found out that was his first national publication. The Mississippi Writers Page says, â€Å"The man himself never stood taller than five feet, six inches tall, but in the realm of American literature, William Faulkner is a giant† (MWP). Read MoreWilliam Faulkner s A Rose For Emily1528 Words   |  7 Pagespoint of view is A Rose for Emily told? Why? In William Faulkner s short story A Rose for Emily the reader is given the account of an old woman who is rejected by society. 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Nevertheless they also have many differencesRead MoreWilliam Faulkner s A Rose For Emily957 Words   |  4 PagesBereavement While a â€Å"Rose for Emily† by William Faulkner and â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† by Flannery O’Connor share the common themes of unexpected death and the old south, the murders found in each story are vastly different. Both stories tell of strong female protagonists who don’t cope well with change and both foreshadow death right from the beginning, but the murderers themselves come from completely different worlds. Emily Grierson of â€Å"A Rose for Emily and the grandmother in â€Å"ARead MoreWilliam Faulkner s A Rose For Emily879 Words   |  4 Pagesare both similar due to how these emotions cause a human to act irrationally. The lone woman in A Rose for Emily and the cashier, Sammy, in A P both portrayed a greater sense of hate which overcame their love. We as humans, capable of powerful emotion typically act too quickly to even understand the consequences of our actions. One prime example is portrayed in William Faulkner’s A Rose for Emily, Emily loved Homer tremendously, however he did not feel the same way †he liked men, and it was knownRead MoreWilliam Faulkner s A Rose For Emily1682 Words   |  7 PagesLyons Professor Amy Green Writing about Literature COM1102 Oct. 06, 2015 William Faulkner s A Rose for Emily is a short story that has also been adapted into a short film; both have been largely debated. Faulkner’s lack of a normal chronology and situation-triggered memories generates a story that has many understandings among its readers, but surprises everyone at the end. When asked about the title of his story, Faulkner said, [The title] was an allegorical title; the meaning was, here was aRead MoreWilliam Faulkner s A Rose For Emily854 Words   |  4 Pages Literary Response to â€Å"A Rose for Emily† â€Å"A Rose for Emily† by William Faulkner was published in 1930. This short story is set in an old southern town. I believe that this and several other combinations of events are what made the main character Miss Emily go insane. Miss Emily was a old school southern woman trapped in a modernizing society. She tried desperately to try and keep to her old ways, but the changes were inevitable. This made me feel like something was going to go wrong very early inRead MoreWilliam Faulkner s A Rose For Emily1810 Words   |  8 Pages William Faulkner is one amazing writing ,who is known for his many short stories .However, many has wondered what has influenced him in writing these stories . Like his well known, most famous short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily†, which has always been compared to â€Å"Barn Burning†, one of Faulkner’s other short story. It only make sense to compare them two together because these two stories has may similarities , whether it may be in setting , characters or style they favor each other . NeverthelessRead MoreWilliam Faulkner s A Of The Sky And A Rose For Emily1540 Words   |  7 Pagesgeneral has affected all societies in all time periods, and reading is more than just an everyday task. These two authors affected society in their time, with their reappraising stories: A Horseman In The Sky and A Rose For Emily. However, William Faulkner (author of A Rose For Emily) and Ambrose Bierce (author of A Horseman In The Sky) have different views and affects on so ciety by when the particular story was published, the use of figurative language, and different genres. Back in the time of

Spirituality for the Alienated Free Essays

Struggling with the Spirit in today’s world is a daunting challenge. Most fail. This is because the mainline culture holds that the life of the Spirit is actually a life of the mind, a life of the emotions somewhat distorted by older, â€Å"discredited† system of spirituality and life. We will write a custom essay sample on Spirituality for the Alienated or any similar topic only for you Order Now Burg’s project, however, is not so much denying this rather dogmatic approach, but in reconstructing it so that the moderns can come to the life of the spirit with few doubts and problems. However, Borg speaks to me for several reasons: first, my love of the eastern tradition stresses Christ as Tao, as the path, rather than as a dogmatic set of beliefs. It is not so much that dogma is a problem–as it merely asserts things as true–but these propositions never exist in themselves, they exist as part of a broader whole, a struggle with myself and the modern world (Damascene, 1999). This struggle is about integration: the integration of a tradition, a set of beliefs held propositionally, but also its integration within a culture that is often hostile, and that–it seems–seeks to constantly throw roadblocks in the way of one’s struggle. This paper, then, will take my own struggle through the methods Borg uses to reconnect Christianity to modern life. The basic thesis here is integration: taking the insights from all relevant communities to construct a reasonable and useful understanding of Jesus and his mission. For Borg’s (1995) work, the real struggle is twofold: first, the struggle between the communal understanding of Christ and his historical essence, and second, the struggle with integrating â€Å"modern scholarship† with one’s life of true faith. This struggle is very real, but for Borg, his uncritical acceptance of â€Å"modern scholarship† as a set of infallible oracles who have no agenda or ulterior motives make his approach weak and compliant. Nevertheless, the insights taken from this approach cannot be ignored. The basic historical approach Borg takes is highly problematic: Christ did not say what is attributed to him, this existed as an oral tradition prior to being written down, hence unreliable, and lastly, that these oral ideas were written down by a community that had already experienced Christ and hence, itself is largely personal and cultural (Borg, 1995). Unfortunately, he refuses to deal with the large body of work that refutes these theses, such as McDowell (2006), Strobel (1998), Siciliano (2001) and so many others. His assumption that the modernist scholarship is true (rather than as an ideological construct) shows his criticism to be poorly developed: if the Christ of the ancient world is an ideological construct of the community (and hence unreliable), why is the modern academic, also part of a community, not guilty of the same crime? The fact that Borg is a part of this community might help in answering that problem. If I am to hold that Christ is the creation of an ideologically motivated community, then there is no reason why the â€Å"modern scholarship† on this question is not also an ideologically motivated community. Nevertheless, it is the case that struggles against the modern idea are real, and some of their insights cannot be cast out of hand, as this community does to what they call the â€Å"fundamentalists. † There are several issues Borg takes the reader though that are full of insight and use for the modern Christian buffeted by the modern mentality. In Borg’s Meeting Jesus Again for the First Time (1995), he stresses that images of Jesus are important for one’s development as a Christian. There are several images that he identifies: Jesus as Savior: likely the most common image. Christ came to earth to save man frm sin, to take his human nature and link it to the divine, hence cleansing it, and bringing it through the realm of death, hence conquering it. Second, Jesus as teacher, Jesus came to earth to primarily teach a set of doctrines about Himself, the world and the Christian’s relation to it. Third, Jesus as the â€Å"king of creation,† the stern judge and teacher of righteousness. Fourth, Jesus as moralist, that Jesus came to earth to primary teach an ethical system. And lastly, Jesus as a liturgical figure, the Jesus whose beauty is such that normal words cannot describe it, but it can only be understood in poetry and the symbolism of liturgy (Borg, 2-5). This is an important approach. All of these, to one extent or another, are a part of each Christian’s life, but some are more significant than others. Borg seems to hold that the real problem for modern Christians is the â€Å"propositional† nature of â€Å"faith. † That faith, for him, is the assent to a series (literally a list) of propositions: Christ is the Son of God, Christ walked on water, etc. The problem is that the modern person lives in a society that lives by its own dogmas: that such things cannot happen because they â€Å"violate the laws of nature. † Of course, this assumes that Christ is not their author. He does have a solution, one that I find personally satisfying: that there are two Christs (though not literally), the Christ that existed prior to the resurrection, and the Christ that came after. The latter is the Christ that should motivate the modern reader, and this is the Christ that motivated the early Christian community to write the scriptures. The assumption is that this community made up a series of stories and held to it. The fact that the resurrection and crucifixion made no sense to the surrounding Jewish or pagan world is not considered. In other words, that no real religious interest was served by creating these stories, since the concept of a crucified God was abhorrent to both communities. Nevertheless, he holds that the motivation of writing the Gospels come from the resurrection, which Borg takes as true from the testimony of the Scriptures that he does not trust (Borg, 1995). Nevertheless, Borg, while inconsistent, is involved with a similar struggle to my own. Being from a secular household, the concept of Christ and his miracles was strange to me. No different, really, than a cartoon superhero. It was so easy to reject them, so hard to accept them. But this was not a matter of assent and intellectual life, but rather socially. To preach Christ to anyone other than the converted is to lose a great deal of social capital. This I felt powerfully. But intellectually, I never had a problem: â€Å"science,† or rather, the scientific establishment, tells me that the infinitely complex life of DNA came into existence by chance. If this was true, then how strange was it to believe that God came to earth to teach men about Himself? I never thought it strange that Christ was God, while my friends believed that Eric Clapton was God. What I did find strange was the mentality of belief as â€Å"propositions. † In other words, that one could hold to the list of accepted beliefs about God and Christ, but the integration of these ideas into the world about them was the real challenge. Borg’s other famed work, The Heart of Christianity: Rediscovering the life of Faith, has helped me put this problem into a better perspective. In fact, it is precisely the statement of the problem that makes the most sense, just as much as the solution itself. In other words, the context of the problem suggests its own answer. Borg writes that Christ should be seen as a way of life rather than as a set of beliefs (Borg, 2004, 25). However, the problem is that Borg seems to say this so as to relieve himself of the pressure of believing things that â€Å"modern scholarship† has decided are false. This, as I have already said, is the great weak spot of this series of books. But it helps to place it like this: Dogma: This is an intellectual approach to God and Christ. It holds to a set of beliefs both as reflecting the historical world of facts, and at the same time, demands a consistency among the propositions believed. This is fair enough. But the real issue is that it is a matter of the head. If Christianity was to be a strictly rational, empirical religion, then why did Christ not speak in this way? Christ, rather than speaking as a metaphysician, spoke in parables, He spoke in aphorisms, He spoke in stories of only a few sentences. He seems to preach by example as much as by words. Way: Christ preached by example, by the words and actions that he integrated within himself for a short span of three years. He struggles with non-belief, the arrogance of the Pharisees, and incomprehension of the Romans. But this is precisely our condition: our modern Pharisees, our modern secular people consistently give us trouble. Christ is a way of struggle rather than as a set of dogmatic beliefs (Damascene, 1999). Borg (2004, 28-37) does one better: he reduces the struggle this way: Christ and the Christian mission in the modern world can be reduced to four specific approaches: (1) Assensus: this is a matter of rational assent. This is the problem, at least when such assent is separated from the community. One can hold that Borg is really trying to minimize conflicts, to minimize the â€Å"dogmatic† element of Christ so as to lower the threshold of belief: more and more can come to Christ if they do not need to â€Å"pass the belief test. † At the same time, Borg can also be said to hold this because either he does not believe the dogmatic pronouncements about Christ, or his community (i. e. the academic community) does not, and he does not want to be left out, or attacked as a â€Å"fundamentalist. † (2) Fidelity: this is the matter is personal relationship. This is not so much a matter of a-dogmatism, but goes beyond it: love is stronger than intellectual assent. One follows Christ not because he has given assent to a series of dogmas, but rather, because Christ is a man worthy of being followed. A man that exudes love in the strongest sense of the world. (3) Vision: the approach where faith in Christ makes sense out of the whole: the world, the community even of religion. While it is is true that Christ preached the coming of his Church, he did not speak of it all that much. Christ spoke of a life of struggle, of virtue, of a personal relationship through faith. The apostles had this, and still could not keep Judas. The vision is to bring the whole into integration with Christ’s teachings, the real basis of this paper and the basis of my personal life. One cannot run from the world, but one can infuse it with Christ and his teachings. But this is difficult with so many teachings about Christ, one does not know which image to pick,. This is the problem, and many have rejected Him altogether because fo the disagreements. This many be the real strength of Borg and his approach. (4) Trust: this seems to synthesize all the above. One trusts in the message of Jesus, but a message that might not be literally â€Å"true,† but is the experience of God in and by the community. If one approaches scriptures in this manner, then one can get over the â€Å"belief threshold† and see the Scriptures as a â€Å"response to God,† rather than a historical record. On a more personal note, the most satisfying part of Borg’s work is in his threefold â€Å"basis† of the Christian life in the modern era. I’d like to make this the conclusion, and the real central element of my personal response to reading Borg. In his (2004) work, Borg holds that the modern mission of Christianity can be reduced to three elements: (1) The affirmation of the reality of God. Now this can be done two ways: first, through intellectual arguments, but also as a set of experiences. Borg prefers the latter. Nevertheless, in my own history, it was the former that led me to the latter. In my younger years of obligatory doubt, it was not the experience of God, it was the understanding of him. Once I understood him, I could feel and experience him. But my understanding came in the form of a series of negations: I could not believe that DNA ever came into existence by chance. DNA is the great proof of the intelligence of God, the very nature of His creative power (at least that which is open to human observation). I could not believe that matter was eternal. Even in my younger years, while I could not articulate such an idea, I most certainly believed it. Materialism holds that matter is God, in the sense that all things, including life, came from it. It is also eternal and hence, all powerful. Once I realized this set of ideas that must be held by materialism, I realized that the life of the spirit was for me. Life cannot come from death, since something cannot give what it does not have. Consciousness does not come from chance. I saw these as the affirmation of the dogmatic and ideological community of modern scholarship and science, I saw it as the worst and crudest form of obscurantism (2) The centrality of Jesus. While I have no problem with this concept, I can not imagine that Borg can say the same. Jesus? But if one holds that the Jesus of Scripture is deliberately falsified, then what is he speaking of here? He never says. Jesus seems to become an archetype rather than a person. If one holds that the New Testament is falsified (a concept I hold as fantastic) then Christ can never be central. In other words, unless one holds to certain things as historically true (i. e. dogma), then Christ can never be the central part of one’s life. (3) Lastly, the centrality of the scriptures. There are two ways of viewing this: first, the scriptures as historically true, which Borg rejects, and the scriptures as reflecting, in words, the early community’s experience with God. Of course, these are not mutually exclusive, but the latter does more accurately reflect out situation. We do experience God in our lives. What we write about this comes out as vague and poetic. It is not history, but at best, psychology. It does not mean that the experiences are false, but that there are only so many ways that such experiences can be expressed. The final expression cannot, however, be called â€Å"history. † I commend Borg for trying, but he ultimately, fails. He cannot have it both ways: to reject scripture (as his community does) but still hold Jesus as central. Jesus cannot be central if his life is falsified. Borg is ultimately a sloppy writer that seems to want to pleas everyone, and make Christianity an easy religion for all to approach. Whatever he likes about the Scriptures he uses, whatever will get him made fun of by his colleagues, he rejects. This is dishonest, and says more about the academic community than the early Christian community. Basically Borg is trying to rescue Christianity from the attacks of the modern critics, while affirming that everything that those critics say about the Bible is true. Nevertheless, we have all experienced the doubt, the pressure of the outside world. It is all the matter of context and expression: how we approach God in a materialistic world. That, Borg can do nicely. Bibliography: Borg, Marcus (1995) Meeting Jesus Again for the First Time. HarperOne. ___. (2004) The Heart of Christianity: Rediscovering the Life of Faith. HarperOne Damascene, Fr. (1999) Christ the Eternal Tao. St. Herman’s Press. Fr. Damascene’s book strongly takes the approach advocated by Borg. He holds that Christ as a relational entity (so to speak) leads to believing in Christ as the Way, a method, a path to Enlightenment and truth. McDowell, Josh. (2006). Evidence for Christianity. Thomas Nelson Publishers. Strobel, Leo. (1998). The Case for Christ. Zondervan. Siciliano, Terry. (2001) Beyond a Reasonable Doubt: Evidence for Christianity. Truth Press. These are three major works that refute the thesis that Christ’s message was falsified. There are many means to do this, but the most impressive one is that the message that came out in the Scriptures is repugnant to both the Jewish and Pagan mentality: rising from the dead, execution like a common criminal, no military force, etc. were all highly disagreeable to the environment in which the Scriptures were first written and disseminated. Hence, they must be true. If one was going to invent a series of events, the last series one would invent at the time was that which was actually written. How to cite Spirituality for the Alienated, Papers

Business Proposal Newly Venture Health Club & Fitness Business

Question: Provide a business proposal for newly venture health club and fitness business. Answer: Introduction The fitness business and health club industry is mounting in the present day context. For creating a new business venture, management needs to evaluate every aspect of the business. Nowadays, the concept of venture and merger is widely used by the companies globally to achieve competitive advantages (Barrow, Barrow Brown, 2012). The main objective of the paper is to provide a business proposal for newly venture health club and fitness business. The proposal contains business plan, which helps to identify the major aspects that it will focus to generate income and how will it reach to the targeted customers. This further aims to provide analysis of the fitness market. Based on the analysis, it will focus on formulating a business plan that comprises financial plan for the new venture, period to make profit as well. The paper summarizes the vision, mission, and the objective of the business proposal. The paper will focus on providing an effective plan that will help to achieve certain target and generate profit from the investment. Summary In the present day context, the fitness industry is in the growing phase. Every people are concerned about his or her health, as it is a significant part of ones life. In the present scenario, people mainly focus on maintaining and presenting them to look pretty and handsome. Additionally, in this busy world, people are maintaining their health through exercises to live healthy normal life. Hence, people joined health club to do exercise, which leads to better and healthy life along with attractive personality. The economic theory has been the motivational factor for the entrepreneur. In the present day context, the health care industry has lots of opportunities (Barrow, Barrow Brown, 2012). Vision: our vision is to develop as a leader in the fitness industry Mission: we committed to provide exceptional physical education training to serve better to the client, which leads to their healthier life Objective: our main objective is to grow sustainably in the health club industry Rationale: our core values and underlying principle is to develop community by providing training, and education relating to health Business Model The targeted customer of the enterprise will be the local resident near to the centre. The company will segment its customer from the age of 17 to 35 years. The company will be targeting both the male and female customers equally. The company will generate its revenue from the monthly charges and the initial admission fees. Additionally, the company will be selling some products such as protein powders, supplementary products, and milk packets among others. These will help it to generate revenue and earn considerable profit. The company will be creating value to the customers by collaborating fitness centre with the health club. Additionally, the company will be introducing a diverse range of advanced fitness equipments to meet the demand of its clients. The company will be providing proper training to its staff for providing quality guidance to the clients. The company will offer extensive range of services including, sauna, steam bath, yoga, spas, meditation, gymnasium, and massage . The company will also be focusing on introducing health related programs to aware people regarding the importance of health in this busy world (Burns, 2014). Figure: Business model CANVAS Source: (Burns, 2014) Market Analysis The market of fitness and health club is in booming phase. The member of UK health club and fitness industry increased to 1.5 million. Additionally, the proportion of the fitness members as compared to the population in UK was 1:8. The UK fitness industry has developed with the increased number of health clubs. It was notable that the UK fitness market has a growth rate of 5.4% in 2015, which is considerably high to the value in 2009 that was 2.4% (The Leisure Database Company Ltd, 2015). The growth was largely due to the low cost private sector fitness centres and health clubs. Since 2009, the fitness industry demand has increased by 3.6% (The Leisure Database Company Ltd, 2015). The fitness centres and health clubs are mainly focusing on urban places, wherein the population is larger than the rural areas in UK. The fitness and health club market has been fully dependent on the health of the UK customers. Estimations revealed that financial cost of obesity in the UK is 5 million pou nd in a year (The Leisure Database Company Ltd, 2015). Additionally, a large number of people from UKs population are physically inactive. The health club and fitness market has been facing a tough condition during the last three decades, as the customer has been facing relatively low disposable income and high inflation. Hence, by understanding the complexity of their concerning health the UK population has understand the importance of physical exercise (The Leisure Database Company Ltd, 2015; WTS International, 2013; WTS International, 2015). PEST analysis helps to know the current market situation and the factors that influencing the business venturing. PEST Analysis Political The health care industry has to deal with certain local laws and regulation. The taxes related to the fitness and health care can affect the cost and business risk. The political policies regarding the health club has been the major concern for opening new venture. Economical The healthcare industry has significantly influenced by the economical factor. Growing inflation, low disposable income remains a major factor for the industry to achieve growth. Social The attitude, option that the society provides to the consumers affects the industry. The demographics such as age, income, gender have focused on improving their health issues. Technological The health care industry has been experiencing the technological development from past few years. The use of advance technology such as interactive personal station, online facilities, music system has provides the industry a new edge. This technological development helps to attract more customers to live a healthy life. SWOT Strengths The main strength involve the well-trained staffs which provide our company competitive advantages. Additionally, the price strategy provides the company a good brand image. Weaknesses The company lack adequate financial support to compete in the health care market Opportunities The new venture will provide an opportunity to raise fund. The growing market of healthcare industry has remained a major opportunity for the company. Threats The growing competition of the high quality health club services providers has been its major threats. The high cost due to the legislation and taxes has also its threat. From the PEST and SWOT analysis, the venture can use opportunity to support the business plan. The form of business would be partnership, as the company is approaching to establish a new venture with fitness business. The company is already into a health club business and planning to venture with a fitness business, so the new venture business would be starting from the zero level or De novo. The business will be dreamer that has low risk and high innovativeness. Start-Up Capital The cost that will require for the start-up of new venture fitness centre and health club is approximately 70,000. The investors will provide approximately 50,000 and the rest amount of 20,000 will come from loan. The start-up costs include infrastructure development, employee cost, equipment cost, promotion, and others (Barrow, Barrow Brown, 2012). Start-up investment Investors contribution 50,000 Bank loan 20,000 Total investment required 70,000 Assets Non cash Assets 0 Cash requirement 5,000 Additional cash 0 Cash balance 5,000 Liabilities Current borrowings 0 Long term liability 20,000 Outstanding payable 0 Other current liabilities 0 Total Liability 20,000 Figure: Forecasted Balance Sheet The start-up expenses of the proposed venture will involve legal and licensing expenses, wherein the company will be allocating 1500. Stationary expenses involves towel, water bottle among others, wherein the company will allocate 1000. The company will be distributing 9,500 for the rent. Additionally, for the insurance the new venture will assign 5000. The main investment for the venture company will be the investment of equipment. For the equipment, the company will be allocating 25,000, as the focus of the company will be to provide superior customer services with advanced equipment. The company will be assigning 10,000 for the leasehold development. For the maintenance purpose, the company will distribute leasehold of 6,500. For the utility expenses, it will spend 5500 and other expenses will be of 6000. Timeline for Making Profit The company should focus on obtaining its customer from the first month of its business operations. In the first month, the company will attempt to generate revenue of 20,000 from its customer. Figure: Sales Forecast of First Twelve Month Figure: Sales Forecast of 5 Year Sales forecast reveals that the company will be generating its income from the beginning of the fourth year, as in the fourth year the company will be in break-even point, where the cost and revenue will be equal. By providing the high quality services with the advance equipment, the company will be able to generate revenue from its customer (Burns, 2014). By considering the sale forecast, and determining the possible break-even point in the fourth year, it is necessary to convey to the manager of the bank that the complete loan amount will be paid at the end of the fourth year. Conclusion From the above proposal, it is clear that the company needs to evaluate all aspect of internal as well as external factors such as partners, the activities that the company will perform while implementing the business plan, the budget allocation and the key resources that the company will utilise. The business proposal provides the insight of the fitness and healthcare market. It also provides the timeline for the profit making. Based on the sales forecast, it clearly identifies that the company will be generating profit from the 4th year of its operations. Thus, it is recommended to the investors to invest in the business that will derive above 10% interest on the investment amount. This business proposal will provide the company wide information about the budget for introducing the new venture business. The business model CANVAs will help to know the revenue generation mechanism for the company. The paper shows the analysis of the business model that helps to evaluate the value pro position for the proposed venture. References Barrow, C., Barrow, P. Brown, R., 2012, The business plan workbook. Kogan Page Publishers, London. Burns, P., 2014, New venture creation: a framework for entrepreneurial start-ups. Palgrave Macmillan, USA. The Leisure Database Company Ltd 2015, 2015 state of the UK fitness industry report published yesterday, viewed 26 January 2016, https://www.leisuredb.com/blog/2015/6/19/2015-state-of-the-uk-fitness-industry-report-published-yesterday WTS International, 2013. Health Club Management Handbook 2013. Start A New, pp. 1-236. WTS International, 2015. Health Club Management Handbook 2015. WTS International, pp. 1-260.

Tesco Essay Example For Students

Tesco Essay Wednesday, 23 December 2009 TESCO PLC Ansoff s Matrix Introduction Tesco as a market leader with a successful business in the UK always attracts many researchers to find more about why the company has competitive advantages among other rivals. â€Å"The first basic ingredient of leadership is a guiding vision. The leader has a clear idea of what he wants to do – professionally and personally – and the strength to persist in the face of setbacks, even failures. Unless you know where you are going, and why, you cannot possibly get there† (Warren Bennis, 1994)1. This company has a successful business history in 80 years of its activities. Today, Tesco Plc is considered as a successful retailer in the UK. The position of Tesco among other competitors in the UK shows that this company has been successful in its applied marketing strategies. As a retailer, the company could take over from other rivals and could locate itself with a distinctive gap at the top of the table of 100 lucrative businesses in the UK. Tesco has applied some series of empirical marketing strategies. We will write a custom essay on Tesco specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now According to Ansoff matrix strategy, Tesco could develop its markets and products in the UK market, and ultimately with diversification strategy has got in front of other rivals. Market penetration, Product Development, Market Development and Diversification are the strategies in which Tesco has chosen for influence and remaining in the market. By applying these mentioned strategies, Tesco has got its competitive advantages among other rivals. In the UK, the market of groceries has been shared among some major companies where Tesco is the only one who has got the largest market share. Internationally, Tesco could expand its business and its international growth shows that this company has a successful business among some other overseas competitors. In this essay, it has been tried to examine Tesco Company from point of view of Ansoff s Matrix analysis. Firstly, for a background, this essay looks into the Tescos success through 80 years of its business, then this essay is going to examine of above mentioned strategies in which Tesco has chosen for boosting its marketing and sustaining competitive advantages. Tescos History Jack Cohen, Tesco establisher has started his own business when he begun to sell surplus of groceries in East of London in 1919. The first days profit was 1 Pound. The business could lead him to sell his first product in his own brand name of Tesco in 1924. This name has come from the two first letters of TE Stockwell, and Co from surname of Jack. In those early days, Jack Cohen had a partner in firm of tea as a supplier, TE Stockwell. In 1929, Cohen could open his first store in Burnt Oak, Edgware in north of London. Tesco has become plc in 1932. A specified land has been bought in north of London at Angel Road, Edmonton for building a new headquarters and warehouse in 1934. In this year, Tesco could open its first modern warehouse with new modern ideas in controlling of central stock. In 1947, share price of 25 p has been modified for Tesco in Stock Exchange. The first self-service supermarket has been opened in 1956. Tesco diversified its business to selling of petrol by opening its first petrol station 1n 1974. For the first time, annual sales of Tesco reached to one billion Pound in 1979 and it exceeded 2 billion Pound in the year of 1982 and also, in this year for the first time Tesco could computerize checkouts in stores. In 1985, Tesco has been considered as a first grocery retailer in which emphasizing on nutritional value of its own-brand products through Healthy Eating initiative. In 1991 became biggest independent petrol retailer in Britain. Some various products and services have been lunched in 1992 such as Tesco Organic range, computers for schools and Every little Helps. Tesco became pioneer in customer service to commitment at the checkouts through One in Front in 1994. After two years in 1996, Tesco entered in Poland, the Czech Republic and Slovakia. In this year, Tesco could introduce customer Assistants, ways in which made shopping easier for the customers. In year of 1997, Terry Leahy became Tesco CEO and marked developed in Republic of Ireland. By the year, 1988 and 1999 Tesco market has developed to Taiwan, Thailand and South Korea. Tesco could publish its supermarkets price comparisons on the internet, on-line banking and on-line bookstore has been lunched in 1999. Tesco could improve in customer service by lunching Customer Champions policy in many stores; it became leadership of organic retailer in the UK in 2001. Internationally, Tesco could expand its market to Malaysia, Turkey, Japan, China and the united State between years of 2002 and 2007. Tesco has expanded its market as an ethical issue in its own-brand Fair-trade in 2004, one year later it has been announced that Tesco has 2 billion profit. Tesco exited from Taiwanese market and swapped all its assets with Carrefour in Czech Republic in 2005. Towards diversification strategy, another store under name of Tesco Homeplus lunched in 2005. Cash and Carry is a recent plan, which has been made to develop market in India in 2008. In 2009 club cards re-lunched in the UK with 150 million investment offering customers. Ansoff product and market analysis Figure 1 Source: Ansoff (1957, 1989) The well-known tool, Ansoff matrix was published in Harvard Business Review in 1957. And also this strategy has been published in Ansoffs book in the title of Corporative Strategy in 1965. This strategy has been chosen in this essay for finding better of Tesco position in the Market. Regarding to Ansoffs matrix Tesco could develop its products and its markets by penetrating into the market with using of current products and current customers. And also, it has developed market into segmentation and diversification policies. Later it would be mentioned that Ansoff matrix analysis is an empirical tool approach help businesses to find objectives and leads to a sustainable development. The Ansoff matrix provides the basis for an organizations objective setting and sets the foundation of directional policy for its future (Bennett, 1994)2. Ansoff matrix model can be used as model of BCG matrix and or Porters five forces model to clarify what kind of strategies are applicable and when applying these kind of strategies are useful for a businesses. Figure 1 shows that the correlation of products and market related to present and future. From one side companies should consider Markets and from other side they should develop their products. In following, this essay is trying to extend each section of the matrix more clearly and compare with the situation of Tesco. Market Penetration Ansoffs matrix suggests that a business attempts to penetrate and to grow in markets by existing products. Companies such as Tesco always penetrate to the markets by its current products. Tesco has benefited from its customers to penetrate the markets. It is very important market penetration starts with current customers. Market Penetration would be an empirical strategy for presenting new products or services to the current customers. In order to achieve this important, Tesco uses the strategy in three ways. Firstly, Tesco gains customers from other competitors like ASDA, Sainsburys, Somerfield, etc Secondly, by providing the product quality and / or high level of service, Tesco could retain more customers, where Tescos customers feel Tesco is the best provider. These situations make the situation more distinctive among other Tescos competitors. Thirdly, attracting more non-users of the product or services to the business by using of advertising and promotion or other marketing stra tegies, these would be capable policies (Ansoff, 1989, Lynch, 2003). According to Lynch, Marketing Penetration strategy is very important for Tesco because retaining existing customers is cheaper than attracting new one. For example, Tescos international expansion strategy has responded to meet the maximum needs of customers. it is sensitive to local expectations in other countries, by entering into joint ventures with local partners, such as Samsung Group in South Korea (Samsung-Tesco Home plus), and Charoen Pokphand in Thailand (Tesco Lotus), appointing a very high proportion of local personnel to management positions. (Tesco Preliminary Results 2006) In addition, Tesco launched its South Korean operations in 1999 and partnered with Samsung, Tesco holds 81% of the shares in the venture3. .udde8cf8ae74da2f0c3e43d068664bbfb , .udde8cf8ae74da2f0c3e43d068664bbfb .postImageUrl , .udde8cf8ae74da2f0c3e43d068664bbfb .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .udde8cf8ae74da2f0c3e43d068664bbfb , .udde8cf8ae74da2f0c3e43d068664bbfb:hover , .udde8cf8ae74da2f0c3e43d068664bbfb:visited , .udde8cf8ae74da2f0c3e43d068664bbfb:active { border:0!important; } .udde8cf8ae74da2f0c3e43d068664bbfb .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .udde8cf8ae74da2f0c3e43d068664bbfb { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .udde8cf8ae74da2f0c3e43d068664bbfb:active , .udde8cf8ae74da2f0c3e43d068664bbfb:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .udde8cf8ae74da2f0c3e43d068664bbfb .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .udde8cf8ae74da2f0c3e43d068664bbfb .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .udde8cf8ae74da2f0c3e43d068664bbfb .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .udde8cf8ae74da2f0c3e43d068664bbfb .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .udde8cf8ae74da2f0c3e43d068664bbfb:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .udde8cf8ae74da2f0c3e43d068664bbfb .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .udde8cf8ae74da2f0c3e43d068664bbfb .udde8cf8ae74da2f0c3e43d068664bbfb-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .udde8cf8ae74da2f0c3e43d068664bbfb:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Solutions To Homelessness EssayTherefore, Market Penetration would be an empirical strategy for presenting new products or services to the current customers. It seems penetration to a market needs many factors. It is obvious that it is not easy to attract more non-user customers to a business. These factors, which significantly influence to the Tescos Market penetration, are mentioned as, the strength of marketing; it means Tesco is considering some capable marketing strategies towards attracting more customers with advertising or promotion tools. Accessing to low cost materials and effective production is one of effective ways to influence into market, by recognition of lower cost supplier; it would be a privilege for Tesco to provide goods and services for its customers benefitting from lower prices. Having good experiences of customers and customers satisfaction would be a privilege for a retailer to retain the market. Other important issues for penetrating into market can be counted as standards, availability of materials, good quality control, problems regulatory and bility to explain the benefits of the offering to the prospects. The effective infrastructure in terms of organization for recruiting capable employees to support customers needs would be useful ways to gain customers from other competitors. Distribution, financial stability, an extended channel of utilization, reputation and familiarity with customers needs, all and all would be Tescos power for controlling market penetration. At the end, using of adequate c apital with applying technology may strengthen to this strategy. Therefore, Market Penetration is nothing except, retaining existing customers by responding to their needs and attracting more other customers by using a sophisticated marketing strategy4. All these approaches lead businesses to achieve theirs objectives towards sustainable advantages in a rivalry environment. Product development Product development is another strategic approach in which uses for developing new products. This strategic method occurs when an organization such as Tesco wants to develop new products to satisfy its customers within a market. It should be considered that, this kind of development refers to significant new products development. Therefore, product development happens when an organization wants to provide all customers needs in one place to make customers more dependent and also to attract more customers in one place to purchase their needs in a convenient ways. For example, our findings have led to todays customers being able to buy a TV, mobile phone or complementary medicines in Tescos super stores all over the branches and even shop as far afield as Thailand and South Korea5. Therefore, this is the reason that organization uses this strategy towards their product developments and the definition would be as follow: Utilizing of maximum production capacity, countering competitive entry and maintaining the companys reputation regarding to product innovators by use of new technologies and protecting market share. (Lynch, 2003) Vertical integration would be an empirical strategic approach, which are used by Tesco as an efficient way to maximized profitability. When a company wants to control cost of commodities and wants to expand its market share within a market, it should choose this method. Differentiation may consider as other advantage of vertical advantages when Tesco might expand its market share by producing of many products. Vertical integration may happen in three kinds of approaches: backwards integration, forward integrations and balance integration. Most of times, balance integration happens in Tescos business. This kind of vertical integration means, when Tesco may involve in a business, which covers whole procedures of producing of one specific product, including from A to Z, these may start from involving in business of raw material preparations, production and ultimately distributions into markets. For example, many food productions have been produced by Tesco such as, Cereals, Chocolate bars, many kinds of beverages etc. As a retailer, Tesco has produced many food productions and as a market retailer may distribute into the market. Applying vertical integration as a strategic method could be considered as efficient and profitable approaches towards cost regulation and expanding market shares, this policy could lead a business to differentiation. Therefore, vertical integration can be used as an approach to develop product development towards increasing market share and cost regulation. The disadvantages of vertical integration could be known as huge investment and losing the main core of the business. Tesco may lose its core of business when it evolves to other areas of its business. Tesco as a retailer when involves in producing of some goods it seems that the core its business has changed to other area which is not related to its business or some facilities and investment which is necessary for developing its retailing business, must be focus on and invest to production section. Therefore, this kind of strategy despite of having more profits for the business, it has a high risk for the business and if fails it may cause to bankruptcy. Brand loyalty is one of the strongest factors in which can help to product development strategy. When consumers are trustful of using of one or many commodities, which belong to productions of one company, it may motivate them to use and to purchase the products continuously. Sometimes trust on consuming of one specific brand may lead to consume other products from that particular brand. Therefore, reputation of a particular brand may lead to continues consumption by consumers. This trust on a specific brand has known as Brand Loyalty. As it has been mentioned above vertical integration strategies has been developed because of Brand loyalty. Tesco with having a large amount of customers has got a potential situation for selling any kinds of products which has been produced by itself. Therefore, Brand loyalty may lead to differentiation and, Brand loyalty and differentiation would be two factors lead to product development. Brand loyalty may happen when customers find the products distinctively in terms of quality Therefore, standardization of product in quality may boost to constant use. Brand loyalty may boost marketing and help to a product development. Brand loyalty of Products must be considered in prices, qualities and uniqueness in which to meet maximum needs of consumers and ultimately lead to boost product development. Market Development Market development happens when a company moves beyond its current customers in other geographical market for its existing products. This strategy is applied for finding new markets and most of the time happens internationally. Therefore, Market Development is a strategy in which companies develop their market internationally for its existing products. This may entail exploration of new segments of a market, new uses for the companys products and services or new geographical areas in order to attract new customers. (Lynch, 2003) For example, Tesco has developed market in many countries such as china, Czech Republic, France, Hungry, Republic of Ireland, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Poland, Slovakia, South Korea, Thailand, Turkey and United States. Figure 26 shows Tescos influence within market of other countries in the world. As it has been mentioned before, vertical integration could help Tesco to control its market with using of cost. Figure2 Tesco around the world This strategy may help Tesco to define cost and control market. Vertical integration strategy enabled Tesco to become more competitive among other international rivals or even local competitors. By looking into porters five forces, vertical integration policy may act as a barrier for entry of other rivals into the business. Therefore, Tesco with investment in international countries and using of vertical integration strategy controls cost and market, and consequently has increased its market share. For penetrating to an international market, Tesco has joined with other successful business. For example, Tesco in 1999 has joined to Samsung in South Korea, and it has 81 percent share of this venture7. In China with 50 present of shares has joined with Hymall and in 2004 Tesco has joined Ting Hsin in Taiwan8. Join venture strategy acts like vertical integration in businesses. As it has been discussed before, this strategy might consider as forward vertical integration when Tesco wants to control distribution of its business with using of market potentiality of its partner. .u64eae7febeaff8e076a15fe35ac6b24b , .u64eae7febeaff8e076a15fe35ac6b24b .postImageUrl , .u64eae7febeaff8e076a15fe35ac6b24b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u64eae7febeaff8e076a15fe35ac6b24b , .u64eae7febeaff8e076a15fe35ac6b24b:hover , .u64eae7febeaff8e076a15fe35ac6b24b:visited , .u64eae7febeaff8e076a15fe35ac6b24b:active { border:0!important; } .u64eae7febeaff8e076a15fe35ac6b24b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u64eae7febeaff8e076a15fe35ac6b24b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u64eae7febeaff8e076a15fe35ac6b24b:active , .u64eae7febeaff8e076a15fe35ac6b24b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u64eae7febeaff8e076a15fe35ac6b24b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u64eae7febeaff8e076a15fe35ac6b24b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u64eae7febeaff8e076a15fe35ac6b24b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u64eae7febeaff8e076a15fe35ac6b24b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u64eae7febeaff8e076a15fe35ac6b24b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u64eae7febeaff8e076a15fe35ac6b24b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u64eae7febeaff8e076a15fe35ac6b24b .u64eae7febeaff8e076a15fe35ac6b24b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u64eae7febeaff8e076a15fe35ac6b24b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Bmw Series EssayTherefore, when Tesco needs to penetrate to a market internationally, it would be easier and chipper with using of partners distribution channels. This policy is adopted by Lynchs ideas who said, penetrating to a market by using of current customers would be chipper than finding new customers. Figure 3 Figure 3 shows that the strategies might be applied by Tesco regarding to Ansoff matrix and vertical integration has been successful9. Regarding to the graph, between years of 2004 and 2008 the business in Asia has been increased and it has 6 percent growth in recent 4 years. Tesco in 2006 has entered into the USA market it has opened grocery convenient stores on the west coast Arizona, California and Nevada under a name of Fresh and Easy10. Entering to a market like America would not be easy for Tesco. Existence of Wal-mart as a biggest grocer in the world, in the USA makes the situation tougher for Tesco. Tesco should compete with a competitor who has many branches in all over the USA. Wal-mart is a mighty grocery, which has competitive prices and being well distributed. Sainsbury and Marks ; Spenser had disappointed experiences before and had sold their outlets in 1990s. Despite of many barriers to entry, Tesco by looking into applicable strategies, which have been applied, by Lidel and Aldi (the two German retailers) which had a successful approach to penetrate the UK market. Hard pricing approach was a lucrative strategy was applied by Lidel and aldi and it seems, Tesco has not any choices to penetrate to the US market with this strategy. Lidel and Aldi had hard discount strategy towards their competitive advantages. They could enter into the UK market despite of many potential competitors such as ASDA, Sainsbury, Tesco, etc. ith using of competitive prices. Tesco found that there is no way except supplying the grocery goods lower than Wal-Mart prices. The aim was achievable by reducing number of employee and using of self-checking machines. The other diversified strategy was to produce some fresh food for the customers. Tesco has considered some manufacturing plants to develop its products11. Diversification Tesco as a grocer retailer has expanded its business to many other businesses (non food) for maximizing its profitability. Diversification is a strong strategy towards meeting maximum customer needs. Firstly, for better understanding of diversification, may look into some definitions and strategies would be useful. Diversification means variety. Richard Lynch (2003) defined diversification strategy in which a distinctive way that a company goes out of its current business, and evolves to another business. Diversification may happen in related or unrelated areas of a business. Tesco has diversified its businesses to areas such as Garden centers, with purchasing Dobbies Garden Centres Tesco has entered to business of gardening12. Tesco with joint venturing with Royal Bank of Scotland has entered to financial market. Now Tesco can offer many financial issues in the market such as credit cards, loans, mortgages, saving accounts and many other types of insurance13. Tesco operates Internet system provider (ISP), mobile phone, and home phone and Volp businesses. Tesco with join venture strategy with O2 could develop diversification in telecommunication and also Tesco could expand it businesses in voice over internet with venturing of Freshtel Australia14. The other diversification is seen in Tesco businesses is fuel. For the first time Tesco has entered to Fuel businesses in 1974. Recently Tesco has entered into bio fuels, which are petrol-bio ethanol and diesel-biodiesel blends instead of pure petrol and diesel at its petrol stations. This kind of energy is considered as green energy15. In general, diversification could be considered as a defensive strategy towards sustainable competitive advantages. A company could spread its businesses in all areas to prevent from fragile situations. This kind of strategy enables a business to influence to many other profitable areas to grantee its existence. However, one of the weaknesses of Diversifications could be the risk of investment out of the core business of a company. For example, Recession could be a threat for this kind of strategy. When a company invests into many areas, which are not its core of business and because of lack of knowledge or specialty may lead them to bankruptcy to that area and cause them to lose large amounts of money. Conclusion To sum up, as discussed before Ansoffs Matrix and Porters five forces can be used as a strategic models to enable Tesco to obtain its objectives and to sustain competitive advantages in the markets. Tescos plans to enter to the United State are a bit ambitious. Directly Tesco cannot enter to this market and compete with the strongest retailer such as Wal-Mart. Wal-Mart has completely covered all the United State markets and there are not any chances for other rivals to enter to the market. Wal-Mart stores are distributed all over the market in the United State. Therefore, Tesco like the other follower who were pioneers in American market should taste the defeat. Sainsbury and Mark Spenser who entered previously has no fate other than bankruptcy. So it is really good strategy if Tesco could penetrate to this market from other way. For example, this penetration could be like a chain restaurant or as a fresh and easy chain store, which has already established by Tesco in the United State. The other strategy for Tesco is, to put more investment to develop market internationally in its agenda. Tesco has spent huge investment to penetrate into many countries and there must be comprehensive plans to develop and adding to its market share within these countries. Vertical integration would be applicable and efficient way for Tesco to add its market share within these countries. Tesco needs to create a situation to make more customers to depend on Tesco. This strategy may help to extend and grantee for this business. It may happen when customers does not need to pay cash or by debit card. Tesco can open an account for customers and provide for them credits for their future porches. Involving in producing of many essential requirements within the countries as a vertical integration strategy would be other empirical approaches towards sustainable competitive advantages. ** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** Sahab Hosseini Sunday, August 16, 2009 Brighton ISC Sussex University Foot notes 1 Center for Public Leadership , John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, Fall 2005 2 Bennett, A. R. (1994), Business Planning: Can the Health Service Move from Strategy into Action? , Journal of Management in Medicin e, Vol. 8, No. 2. 3 (Tesco to expand in South Korea. Food Navigator Europe. 16 May 2001. ) 4 Copyright  © 1994-2009 Business Resource Software, Inc. http://www. usinessplans. org/Market. html 5 Tesco 2009 Tesco. com / careers 6source: http://www. tescocorporate. com/plc/about_us/map 7 Tesco to expand in South Korea Food Navigator Europe 16 May 2001 8 TESCO Extends Partnership in China 9 E-intelligence on global retailing – www. planetretail. net copyright M+M planet retail Ltd All rights reserved 10 Tesco to enter United States http://www. tescocorporate. com 11 copy right Richard Lynch 2009 12 Jordan, Dearbail (2007-06-08). Tesco swoops on Dobbies Garden Centres. The Times, (Times Newspapers). 3 Tesco is taking full control of Tesco Personal Finance, after paying Royal Bank of Scotland 950m for its 50% stake in the division. Sky News 14 Tesco launches net calls service. BBC News. 19 January 2006 15 O2 signs 136,000 contract customers. Mobile Today, Noble House, http://www . mobiletoday. co. uk References * Ansoff, I. (1989), Corporate Strategy, rev. edn, Penguin, Harmondsworth. * Ansoff, I. H. (1957), Strategies for diversification, Harvard Business Review, Vol. 35, No. 2, p. 113-124. * Bennis W. , 1994 On Becoming a Leader (ISBN 0738208175) * Center for Public Leadership , John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, Fall 2005 * Lynch, R. (2003), Corporate Strategy, 3rd ed. , Prentice Hall Financial Times. * Tesco: Our History. www. tescocorporate. com. Tesco plc. * http://www. tescocorporate. com, retrieved 2009 * http://www. tescoplc. com/plc/about_us/tesco_story * http://www. foodnavigator. com/Financial-Industry/Tesco-to-expand-in-South-Korea * http://www. businessplans. org/Market. html * http://www. coursework4you. co. uk/essays-and-dissertations/ansoff-analysis. php * http://www. foodnavigator. com/news/ng. asp? id=40638-tesco-to-expand.